Automotive Engineering II

Topic outline

• General
  

  General

  Course Tools
• Topic 1
  

  Topic 1

  Chapter 1, Lecture 1 : Road Excitation and Vertical Characteristics of Tires

  • Title File
  • Demands on a Vehicle Suspension File
  • Sinusoidal Pattern of Unevenness File
  • Periodic Pattern of Unevenness File
  • Spectrum of a Periodic Pattern of Unevenness File
  • Irregular Pattern of Unevenness File
  • Power Spectral Density of Unevenness File
  • Power Spectral Density of Unevenness dependent on Angular Frequency File
  • Power Spectral Density dependent onAngular Frequency File
  • Setup for Measuring Unevenness (ika) File
  • Working Principle of Contactless Distance Measurement File
  • Sensing of a Spectrum of Unevenness File
  • Constitution of the Spring Rate of a Pneumatic Tire File
  • Spring Rate of a Utility Vehicle Tire dependent on Inner Pressure File
  • Linearisation of the Spring Rate of a Tire File
  • Radial Spring Rate of a Utility Vehicle Tire dependent on Velocity and Slip Angle File
  • Damping Factor of a Tire Dependent onRolling Velocity and Excitation Frequency File
• Topic 2
  

  Topic 2

  Chapter 2, Lecture 1 : Elements of the Suspension System

  • Title File
  • Front Axle of a Utility Vehicle suspended by Leaf Springs File
  • Leaf Springs - Simple Leaf Spring File
  • Leaf Springs - Trapezoidal Spring File
  • Spring Leafs - Parabolic Spring File
  • Spring Leafs with Additional Springs File
  • Spring Rate of a Leaf Spring with Additional Springs File
  • Spring Rate of a Leaf Spring with Dry Friction File
  • Development Stages of Leaf Springs File
  • Single Leaf Spring with Torque Rod File
  • Torsion Bar - Theory File
  • Torsion Bar Spring File
  • Coil Springs - Theory File
  • Relative Spring Rates File
  • Gas Springs - Basics File
  • Gas Springs - Hydropneumatic File
  • Gas- Filled Springs - Hydro-Pneumatic Spring File
  • Supporting Spring Cylinder with hydraulic level control system and adjustable damping File
  • Air-spring bellows File
  • Characteristic of the Load Capacity of an Air-spring Bellow File
  • Characteristic of Load Capacity of Air-Spring U-bellows File
  • Gas-Filled Springs - Pneumatic Spring File
  • Air-spring and Damper Unit with Bearing U-bellows File
  • Eigenfrequency of Different Suspension Systems File
  • Differences Between Steel Springs and Air Springs File
• Topic 3
  

  Topic 3

  Chapter 2, Lecture 2 : Elements of the Suspension System

  • Title File
  • Tasks of a Damper File
  • Damper Design File
  • General Assembly of HydraulicShock Absorbers File
  • Monotube Damper File
  • Twintube Damper File
  • Typical Damper Concepts File
  • Damper Work Chart for the Determination of Damper Characteristics File
  • Damper Force depending on the Relative Velocity due to Damping Coefficient File
  • Influence of Damper Layout on Wheel Load Variation File
  • Dual Piston Damper (F&S, ADC-1) File
  • AdjustableDampers (F&S, ADC-1) File
  • Adjustable Dampers (F&S, ADC 2.2) File
  • Amplification Factors of Different Vehicle Seats File
  • Suspended seat File
  • Model of a Seated Person File
  • Amplification Function of Head Acceleration File
  • Lines of Equal Perception Intensity KZ File
  • Rated Vibration Intensity File
  • Lines of Equal Perception Intensity File
• Topic 4
  

  Topic 4

  Chapter 2, Lecture 3 : Vertical Vehicle Dynamics

  • Title File
  • Tire models - Vertical Dynamics File
  • Tire models Laplace-Transformation File
  • Frequency Progression of the Tire Models File
  • Single-Mass Suspension Model File
  • Single-MassSuspension Model Differential-equations File
  • Amplification Function of the Single-Mass Suspension System File
  • Two-Mass Suspension Model File
  • Two-Mass Suspension Model Differential-equations File
  • Determination of the Amplification Function File
  • Determination of the Amplification Function File
  • Synthetically Generated Road Signal File
  • Vertical Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration of Road, Wheel and Body File
  • Parametric Variation with Different Wheel-Mass File
  • Parametric Variation with Different Spring Rates of Tires File
  • Parametric Variation with Different Body Spring Rates File
  • Parametric Variation with Different Shock Absorbers File
  • Influence of Constructive Changes on the Suspension File
  • Classification of ControlledSuspension Systems File
  • Electronic Damper Control (EDC) File
  • Characteristic Map for Damping Force File
  • Active Suspension File
  • Comparison between Trucks and Cars File
  • Influence of Frictional Forces within Springs File
  • Structure of a Three-Mass Suspension Model File
  • Amplification Function and Seat-Acceleration File
• Topic 5
  

  Topic 5

  Chapter 2, Lecture 4 : Vertical Vehicle Dynamics

  • Title File
  • Single-Track Suspension Model File
  • Single-track Suspension Model - Equationsof Motion File
  • Single-Track Suspension Model - Natural Circular Frequencies and Damping Factors File
  • Single-track Suspension Model - Influence of Velocity File
  • Single-Track Suspension Model - Influence of Body-Eigen frequencies File
  • Single-track Suspension Model - Influence of Location of Measuring Point File
  • Configuration of Single-track Suspension Model with Coupling Mass File
  • Single-Track Suspension Model - Impulse Excitation File
  • "Hydrolastic" Compound Suspension File
  • Two-Axle Vehicle with Spring Coupling File
  • Platform Truck Model File
  • Semitrailer Truck Model File
  • Swing Tandem Axle with Hydraulic Damping (MB) File
• Topic 6
  

  Topic 6

  Chapter 3 : Lateral Charateristics of Tires

  • Title File
  • Cybernetic Tasks of the Driver while Handling a Vehicle File
  • Control Loop Driver - Vehicle File
  • Demands on the Vehicle Characteristicsfor good ?Vehicle Behaviour? File
  • Demands on Tires of Road Vehicles File
  • Section of a Tubeless Passenger Car Tire File
  • Definitionof the Cord Angle File
  • Influence of the Carcass Cord Angle File
  • Bias Tire File
  • Radial Tire (Belted Tire) File
  • Pressure Distribution in Contact Area of straight running Tires File
  • Force Transmission in Longitudinal Direction File
  • Relationship between Rotational Slipand Friction Coefficient File
  • Friction Coefficient dependant on Velocity and Tread Depth on Dry Road File
  • Expulsion of Water Film out of Contact Area between Tire and Road File
  • Friction Coefficient for Braking Forces dependent on the Velocity and Water Film Height on the Road File
  • Friction Coefficient for Braking Forces dependent on the Tread Depth and Water Film Height on the Road File
  • Height-to-Width Ratio File
  • Definition of "Slip Angle" File
  • Deformation of the rolling Tire by a Lateral Force Fy File
  • Cornering Force dependent on Slip Angle - Wheel Load as Parameter File
  • Cornering Force dependent on Wheel Load - Slip Angle as Parameter File
  • Cornering Force dependent on Tire Pressure - Slip Angle as Parameter File
  • Aligning Torque M? dependent on Slip Angle Wheel Load as Parameter File
  • GOUGH Tire Performance Map File
  • Definition of the Camber Angle File
  • Camber Force F and Camber Torque M File
  • Cornering Force F dependent on Camber for different Wheel Load File
  • Lateral ?Longitudinal Force Characteristic Map File
  • Superposition of Tire-, Lateral-,and Longitudinal Forces File
  • Lateral ? Longitudinal Force Characteristic Map dependent on Brake Slip File
  • Quasistatic Loss of Lateral Force and Change in Aligning Torque due to Harmonic Variation of Wheel Load File
  • Lateral Forces as a Function of Tire Slip File
  • Amplitude, Frequency and Vehicle Velocity File
  • Phase Angle, Frequency and Vehicle Velocity File
  • Transient Tire Models File
  • Tire Behaviour of Transient Tire Models File
  • Transient Tire Behaviour File
  • Transient Tire Behaviour File
• Topic 7
  

  Topic 7

  Chapter 4, Lecture 1 : Basics of Lateral Dynamics

  • Title File
  • Single Track Vehicle Model File
  • Linearized Tire Slip Stiffness c for Different Tires File
  • Single Track Vehicle Model Motion Parameters File
  • Single Track Vehicle Model - Equations of Motion File
  • Steady State Cornering File
  • Steady State Cornering - Difference in Tire Slip Angle File
  • Driving Conditions with the Definition by Olley (1940) File
  • Steering Angle Characteristics on the Single Track Vehicle Model File
  • Steering Angle Characteristics on the Single Track Vehicle Model File
  • Different Definitions of Steering Behaviour File
  • Definition of Steering Bahaviour by BERGMANN (1965) File
  • Non-Stationary Behaviour File
  • Yaw Eigenfrequency and Yaw Damping as Dependent on Velocity File
  • Vehicle Characteristics dependent on Yaw Damping and Yaw Eigen frequency File
  • Yaw Amplification Factor as a Function of Vehicle Velocity File
  • Dynamic Behaviour of Control Element - Vehicle File
  • Time Functions of Vehicle Motion Variables after Stepped Steering Input File
  • Transfer Functions - Sinusoidal Steering File
  • Frequency Amplification Function File
  • Frequency Amplification Functions File
  • Frequency Amplification Functions File
• Topic 8
  

  Topic 8

  Chapter 4, Lecture 2 : Basics of Lateral Dynamics

  • Title File
  • ADAMS-Model of a Complete Vehicle forDriving Dynamics Simulation (Audi A8) File
  • Lateral force due to Tire Slip dependent on Tire Slip Angle and Wheel Load File
  • Longitudinal Force as a Function of Longitudinal Slip File
  • Testing Procedures for Driving Behaviour of Automobiles File
  • Sudden Steering Input File
  • Four Wheel Vehicle Model File
  • Simulation Results for Steady State Cornering - Left-Hand Bend File
  • Yaw Amplification Factor as a Function Of the Vehicle Velocity File
  • Overall View of Parametric Variations File
  • Simulation Results Parametric Version Nr.1 File
  • Forces on a Double-Track Springing Model During Cornering File
  • Wheel Load of the Double Track Springing Model File
  • Cornering Force dependent on Wheel Load Difference File
  • Simulation Results Parametric Variation Nr. 2 File
  • Simulation Results Parametric Variation Nr.3 File
  • Cornering Force with/without Stabilizer Bar File
  • Simulation Results Parametric Variation Nr. 4 File
• Topic 9
  

  Topic 9

  Chapter 4, Lecture 3 : Basics of Lateral Dynamics

  • Title File
  • Change in Wheel Position during Springing File
  • Absolute and Relative Camber File
  • Superposition of Cornering Forces by Tire Slip and Camber File
  • Simulation Results of Parametric Variation Nr.5 File
  • Definition of Toe Angle File
  • Characteristic Curves for Toe Angle and Camber Angle File
  • Simulation Results of Parametric Variation Nr. 6 File
  • Simulation Results of Parametric Variation Nr. 7 File
  • Additional Steering on Rear Axle File
  • Build-Up of Lateral Force immediately after Sudden Steering-Angle Change File
  • Simulation Results of Par. Variation Nr. 8 File
  • Characteristic Map of Additional Rear Axle Steering System for Sideslip Angle (Steady-State) File
  • Frequency Curve of a Vehicle with/without Sideslip Angle Compensation File
  • Dynamic Axle-Load Shift during Braking File
  • Difference in Yaw Velocity while Acceleratingout of Curve on Adherent Road Surface File
  • Difference in Yaw Velocity while Acceleratingout of Curve on Slippery Road Surface File
  • Causes for Load Alteration Effect File
  • Change of Lateral Force during Load-Alteration Effect File
  • Deviation of Center of Gravity CourseDuring Load-Alteration Effect File
  • Deviation of yaw Velocity 1s after Load-Alteration Effect (Front-Wheel Drive) File
  • Parameters which Characterize Vehicle Motions during Braking in Curves File
  • Yaw Moment while Braking under Split-Circumstances File
  • Elastokinematic Design of the Front Wheel Suspension File
• Topic 10
  

  Topic 10

  Chapter 5, Lecture 1 : Steering Systems and Axle Concepts

  • Title File
  • Relationship between Steering Input and Change in Direction File
  • Demands on the Steering System File
  • Steering torque depending on vehicle velocity File
  • Steering Systems File
  • Position of the Steering Axis File
  • Front axle of a Mercedes Benz truck File
  • Position of the Steering Axis File
  • Virtual Steering Travel Axis - Audi A4 File
  • Castor angle,Castor trail in wheel centre,Castor offset, Wheel castor offset and Lateral force File
  • Castor angle and Castor offset depending on Steering angle File
  • Steering Return due to Lateral Force File
  • Disturbing force lever arm for longitudinal tire forces File
  • Weight-self-alignment due to spread angle File
  • Disturbing Force Lever Arm and Steering Offset depending on Steering Angle File
  • Definition of Toe File
  • Change in Camber during Steering File
  • Steering linkage concepts File
  • Ackermann File
  • Relationship between steering angle, slipangle and position of center of curve File
  • Toe Difference Angle as a Function of the mean Steering Angle File
  • Relationship between steering-wheel angleand steering wheel torque File
  • Steering Gear Ration under influence of Steering Torque File
  • Steering Components File
  • Rack-and-Pinion Steering System File
  • Worm-and-RollerSteering System File
  • Ball-and-Nut Steering System File
  • Operating-scheme of aBall-and-Nut Power Steering System, ZF File
  • Rack-and Pinion Power Steering System, ZF File
  • Operating scheme of the Servotronic File
  • Valve Characteristic of the Servotronic File
  • Characteristic of Steering Wheel Torque depending on Lateral Acceleration File
• Topic 11
  

  Topic 11

  Chapter 5, Lecture 2 : Steering Systems and Axle Concepts

  • Title File
  • Independent Wheel Suspension, Schematic File
  • Rigid Axle, Schematic File
  • Twist Beam Axle, Schematic File
  • Multilink Wheel Suspension File
  • Spherical Wheel Suspension File
  • Plane Wheel Suspension File
  • Change of Wheel Base and Track Width File
  • Intantaneous Center of Axle in Longitudinal Plane File
  • Force Transmission between Contact Areaof Tires and Body during Cornering File
  • Intantaneous Center of Reciprocal Spring Travel File
  • Change of Position of Roll Pole during Cornering File
  • Forces on the Wheel Carrier during Braking and Accelerating File
  • Force Transmission between Contact Area and Body during Braking File
  • Force Transmission between Contact Area and Body during Acceleration File
  • Anti-Dive and Anti-Squat File
  • Transverse Link made out of Rubber with Vulcanized Inner Bushing File
  • Elastokinematics of a Wheel Carrier guided by Five Links with elastic Steering Rod File
  • Assessment Criteria of Wheel Suspensions File
  • Inclined Springing Angle and Brake Supporting Angle File
• Topic 12
  

  Topic 12

  Chapter 5, Lecture 3 : Steering Systems and Axle Concepts

  • Title File
  • Rear Axle of Car Guided by Spring Leafs File
  • Statically Determinate Suspension on the Rear Axle of a Car, Ford Taunus File
  • Statically Indeterminate Suspension on the Rear Axle of a Car - Opel Rekord File
  • Lateral Guidance of a Rigid Axle by a Watt Linkage - Mazda RX 7 File
  • Change in Toe Angle of a Rigid Axle due to Reciprocal Spring Travel File
  • A-Bracket Rigid Rear Axle, Lancia Y 10 File
  • DeDion-Rigid Axle Opel Diplomat File
  • Torsion Crank Axle - Audi 80, 1972 File
  • Twist Beam Rear Axle - VW-Scirocco, 1974 File
  • Twist Beam Rear Axle - Audi A4, 1994 File
  • Twist Beam Rear Axle - Ford Fiesta,1995 File
  • Geometry of the Twist Beam Rear Axle during Roll Springing File
  • Function of Track Correcting Bearingsof Twist Beam Rear Axle File
  • Geometry of the Double Joint Swing Axle File
  • Double Joint Swing Axle, VW Beatle File
  • Single Joint Swing Axle with Compensating Spring, MB 220 (1959) File
  • Geometry of the Trailing-Arm Wheel Suspension File
  • Trailing-Arm Wheel Suspension with Torsion-Bar Spring - Renault 9, 11 File
  • Semi-Trailing-Arm Wheel Suspension ofa Driven Axle, Opel Omega (1994) File
  • Geometry of the Semi-Trailing-Arm Wheel Suspension File
  • Screw-Linkage Rear Axle BMW 5-series, 7-series respectively until 1996 and 1994 File
  • Non-Driven Semi-Trailing-Arm Rear Axle - VW Sharan, 1996 File
  • Geomety of the Plain Double-Wishbone Suspension File
  • Geometry of the Spherical Double-Wishbone Suspension File
  • Three Dimensional Double Wishbone Suspension of a Driven Front Axle - Honda Prelude File
  • Double Wishbone Front Axle - Mercedes-Benz E-Class, 1996 File
  • " Central Point Guided " Spherical Double Wishbone Rear Axle, BMW Z1 File
  • McPherson Front Axle Audi 100, 1991 File
  • Suspension-Strut-Type Wheel Suspension VW Golf IV, 1997 File
  • Reduction of the Clamping Forces within Piston Rod Guidance File
  • Reduction of the Clamping Forces within Piston Rod Guidance File
  • Elastokinema-tically Tuned Suspension-Strut-Type Front Axle File
  • Double Joint Suspension-Strut-Type Front Axle with ideal Steering Axis - BMW 5-series (1996 ) File
  • Shock-Absorber Strut Front Axle - MB 190 File
  • Four-Link Wheel Suspension- Audi A4, 1994 File
  • Five-Link Wheel Suspension - Chevrolet Corvette, 1983 File
  • Multilink Wheel Suspension - MB 190 File
  • Multilink Wheel Suspension - BMW 5-series, 1996 File
• Topic 13
  

  Topic 13

  PDF Format Lecture Scripts

  • Automotive Engineering Lecture 2: Vertical Dynamics File
  • Automotive Engineering Lecture 2: Lateral Dynamics File