The origins of Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) lie in the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (1976). Introducing such a revolutionary system was a distinct break from previous systems whereby pollution was tackled in a targeted manor to specific areas. The EPA 1990, after the Commissions 1976 report, incorporated the legal framework of IPC.

A good example to illustrate the need for IPC is in the landfilling of waste. Waste in the UK that is sent to landfill is predominantly biodegradable. Upon degrading, the various types of wastes release toxic compounds termed leachate. This leachate infiltrates the soil, surface and eventually pollutes the groundwater (should the site not be adequately lined). The biodegradation of organic waste also leads to air pollution through production of methane and carbon dioxide.