- Resistance as a result of Compaction
The deformation of the road surface caused by the wheel rolling under load on a plastic road, based on the type of surface, elastically forms back just to a small extent. A trace remains. - Bulldozing Resistance
When the wheel rolls through a plastic road surface, masses of soil are pushed in front of the tyre until they are either thickened or displaced to side. This displacement of the of the road material, into the drive direction as well as transverse to it, requires forces that are summed up by the term bulldozing resistance.

- Resistance by Track Rut Friction
A further but smaller partial resistance is produced due to friction between the tyre sidewall and road material, the track rut friction.