When only the longitudinal section in the wheel center is considered, the pressure distribution shown results.
the resulting forces and moments that act on the wheel, vehicle body, and road are also included. A non-driven wheel is considered.
If the individual vertical forces acting at the tyre contact patch are added up, the reaction force R which is equal in magnitude to the wheel load results. Due to the asymmetrical pressure distribution in the plane of the contact patch, the force acts a point around the eccentricity in front of the wheel axis. A reaction moment


counteracts the rotational motion. Hence, to set the wheel in motion, a horizontal force, which when multiplied by the dynamic tyre radius rdyn, corresponds to the moment of the vertical forces, is required. This force, in magnitude, corresponds to the rolling resistance force

As a simplification, the rolling resistance coefficient can be estimated.
where

Within the framework of typical motor vehicle calculations, it is assumed that the rolling resistance is constant over the wheel load and driving speed. When considering the load dependence more precisely, a degressively increasing characteristic of the rolling resistance force results. This leads to a decreasing rolling resistance coefficient over the wheel load, as shown for a truck radial ply tyre.
MR = R ∙ eR = FZ,W ∙ eR = FRroll ∙ rdyn ν