The figure illustrates the effects of elasto-kinematic wheel position changes, using a wheel carrier guided by five links as an example. Depending on the position of the virtual steering axis, either toe-in or toe-out is caused on the wheel by the radial force due to the elasticity.
→Not every suspension at allows favourable kinematics also lends itself well to elasto-kinematic tuning.
→Suspension elasticity is required, particularly in the longitudinal direction for suspension comfort.
→Elasticity should however not produce undesirable steering angle changes as a result of forces acting on the wheel (affecting handling).