In order to conduct a tensile test, the proper specimen must be obtained. This specimen should conform to standards for size and features. Prior to the test, the cross-sectional area may be calculated and a pre-determined gauge length marked.
The specimen is then loaded into a machine set up for tensile loads and placed in the proper grippers. Once loaded, the machine can then be used to apply a steady, continuous tensile load.
Data is collected at pre-determined points or increments during the test. Depending on the material and specimen being tested, data points may be more or less frequent.
Data include the applied load and change in gauge length. The load is generally read from the machine panel in pounds or Newtons.
The change in gauge length is determined using an extensometer. An extensometer is firmly fixed to the machine or specimen and relates the amount of deformation or deflection over the gauge length during a test.