Bevel-Gear Differential
The bevel-gear differential divides the driving torque symmetrically into two output torques of equal magnitude. It is a U transmission whose "hollow gear" and "sun gear" have the same radius or the same corresponding number of teeth. This is realized by using a bevel-gear teeth. Drive is transferred generally over two bevel-gear planetary wheels. The input torque is distributes to both output shafts in the ratio 1:1.
The drive axle differential is the version which is the most frequently used in nearly all two-track vehicles. Here, additionally, a torque converter with a firm gear ratio (drive axle ratio ih(v)) is integrated. Figure shows a rear-axle differential for a standard drive. Driving shaft and rear axle are perpendicular to each other. The bridging of this axle angle and the torque conversion are taken over by a spiral or hypoid-toothed bevel-gear pair which consists of the drive-shaft pinion and the differential ring gear connected to the planetary support.
In the figure on the right side, the distribution of torque is indicated by representing the reaction forces. The input force FE acting on the planetary pins is divided according to the lever arm a in the ratio 1:1. The external forces represented by the frictional forces μ·FZ,W between tires and road support the partial forces ½·FE.