Automotive Engineering I

Road Resistances

Road Resistances

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Jump to... Jump to... Title Wheel Resistances Component from the Tyre Wheel replacement model Design of Radial Ply Tyres Damping coefficients of a passenger car tyre Deformation wave formation Load dependence of rolling resistance force ... Pressure distribution in the tyre contact patch Forces and moments on the wheel Forces and moments on the vehicle body, wheel and road Rolling resistance coefficient of a truck's radial ply tyre Rolling resistance coefficients for different radial ply tyres Tyre test bench designs Roller Tyre Test Bench with external running surface Influence of tyre pressure regulation Rubber mixture for a tyre tread Developemental target in tyre development Truck tyres with minimised rolling resistance Component from the Road Energy of a wheel suspension when encountering an obstacle Components of resistance on plastic roads Resistances on plastically deforming roads Resistances on plastically deforming roads Dependence of the Co-efficient Dependence of Variables N and E on water level Baffle resistance dependent on velocity Hydroplaning (Goodyear) Forces acting on a wheel subjected to slip Slip resistance coefficient depending on slip angle Resistance due to Wheel Tie Wheel Camber Angle Title Friction-free / Friction loaded cylinder flow Tranverse flow over a cylinder Viscous flow between two moving plates Boundary layer formation over a longitudinally streamed plate Flow over two geometrically similar bodies Boundary layer speration on a wall Transverse flow around a rectangular cylinder Influence of Reynold's Number Classification of Wind Tunnels Open wind tunnel design (Eiffel design) Closed wind tunnel design (Gottinger design) Classification of measuring tracks according to type of wall Forces and Moments in aerodynamic measurements Aerodynamic Wind Tunnel at BMW AG Classification of Air Resistance in Vehicles Air separating cross sections of different body designs Induces air flow at the vehicle body Longitudinal swirls caused by induced flow Componebts of aerodynamic drag in an optimized bus body Flow inside a motor vehicle Aerodynamic drag at oblique flow for different passenger cars Aerodynamic drag for commercial vehicle ... Chronological chanves in Cw values Deinition of Gradients Forces acting on vehicles in Gradients trasnlation inertia force acting on the vehicle Rotational force of inertia acting on the driven wheel Rotating masses which have to be considered at the changing velocity Road Resistances on an Upward Gradient Exemplary components of road resistance in ciommercial vehicles Road resistance power depending on velocity Title Classification of Drivetrain Components Energy Storage Energy and Power Densities of Various Energy Sources Flywheel Storage Latent Heat Storage Unit Classification of Drivetrain Components Classification of Powerplants The 2-stroke working system The 4-stroke working cycle Determination of Mean Effective Pressure in a 4-stroke engine Power and Torque delivery of a reciprocating engine Fuel Consumption Map Torque Curves of Gasoline and Diesel Engines Geometry of the Wankel Engine Schematic of a Two-shaft Gas Turbine Power and Torque Curves of One and Two-shaft Gas Turbines Specific Fuel Consumption of Gas Turbine, Gasoline and Diesel Engine Components of an Electic Drive Ranges presently achieved in Electric vehicles Development of Fuel-Cell Vehicles by Daimler Benz DC Motor Circuits Characteristic of Externally Excited DC Motor Control of Electric Motors Wheel-hub Motor Design of a Parallel Hybrid Power Splitter in Hybrid Propulsion Parallel Hybrid Vehicle, Ford EHV Structure of a Serial Hybrid Delivery map limited by Friction and Maximum Engine Speed Delivery Maps of different Motor Vehicle Drives Characteristic points on the Engine Map Speed and Torque Elasticity of selected Aggregates Emission Statistics in Germany Annual Emissions of Motor Vehicles Exhaust Emission Limits in Europe Noise Emission Limits for Motor Vehicle Registration in the EC Delivery Maps of different Vehicle Drives Assessment of Different Propulsion Principles Summary ? Propulsion Systems Title Classification of Drivetrain Components Input and Output Parameters of a Speed Converter Transformation of the Engine Characteristic by a Mechanical Clutch Sectional Drawings of a Coil and Diaphragm Spring Clutch Diaphragm Sping Clutch Air Gap, Pressure Force and Release Force Force-Displacement Diagram of Coil and Diaphragm Spring Functional Principle of an Automatic Clutch Hydrodynamic Clutch Slip factor of a Foettinger Clutch Interaction between Combustion Engine and Foettinger Clutch Fundamental design a Visco - Hydraulic Clutch Clutch Lamellae of a Visco-Hydraulic Clutch Hump Effect in Visco-Hyfraulic Clutches Classification of Drivetrain Components Conversion Characteristic of a Torque Converter Input and Output Parameters of a Torque Converter Classification of Torque Converters Conversion of a Torque Map by a Four-Speed Transmission Transmission Elements of a Passenger Car and Commercial Vehicle Relatioship between Engine Speed and Driving Velocity Stability Criteria for selection of Gear Ratios Speed - Velocity Diagram for Geometric Transmission Layout Torque Delivery in Geometric Transmission Layout Speed Velocity Diagram for Progressive Transmission Layout Torque Delivery in Progressive Transmission layout Design and Power FLow in aCoaxial Two-Shaft Transmission Five-Speed Manual Transmission Design and Pwer Flow in a Deaxial Two-Shaft Transmission Deaxial 5-speed Manual Transmission Internal Cone Synchromesh Functional Principle of Synchromeshed Gearshifting 5-Speed Double Clutch Transmission Title Epicyclic Transmission Forces acting on a Planetary Wheel Steps of a Planetary Train with Theoretical ranges of Ratios Friction Clutches in Epicyclic Transmission for holding the Hollow Wheel Design and Shifting Diagram of a Coupled Planetary Train Ravigneaux Transmission Design and Shifting Diagram of the Ravigneaux transmission Spur Gear with Planetary Transmission 9-speed Truck Transmission with Two-Speed Planetary Train 3-Group Commercial Vehicle Transmission Design and Power Flow in a Three-Group Transmission Conversion Characteristic of a CVT Control Strategies for different Opimization Criteria Classification of Mechanical CVTs Force transmision in Modern U-Transmissions Force Transmission Concepts in Pitch Transmissions Classification of Hydraulic CVTs Trilok Converter with accompanying Blade Principle Characteristic of a Trilok Converter Interaction between Combustion Engine and Trilok Converter Characteristic Conversion of an IVT Classification of Automatic Transmissions Delivery Map of an Automatic Trasnmission Passenger Car 3-Speed Automatic Transmission Power Flow Diagram of a Passenger Car 5-Speed Automatic Transmission Shifting Strategy for a 4-Speed Automatic Transmission Functional Structure of an Adaptive transmission Control (BMW) U Trasnmission U Transmission with Hydrodynamic Clutch Assessment of Various Propulsion Principles Comparision of Trasnmission Efficiency Assessment of Various Propulsion Principles Assessment of Various Propulsion Principles Summary of Transmissions Title Classification of Drivetrain Components Classification of Differentials Bevel-Gear Differential Bevel-Gear Transfer Case (Audi) Spur-Gear Planetary Differential Transfer Case Classification of Differential Locks Positively-Engaged Differential Locks Schematic of a Fixed Value Lock Spin-Resistant Differential Lock Torsen-Differential Components of the Torsen-Differential Differential Lock with Visco-Hydraulic Clutch Characteristic Curves of different Self-Regulating Differential Locks Automatic Differential Lock Summary of Differential Locks Classification of Drivetrain Components Classification of Brakes Pasenger Car 4-Wheel Disk-Brake System Forces in a Braking System Classification into Vehicles Categories Regulations for Service Brakes Regulations for Emergency Brakes and Parking Brakes Regulations for Continuous Service Brakes Drum Brake Designs Comparison of Disk Brake Designs Equations related to Disk and Drum Brakes Brake Charateristic for Different Brake Types Sensitivity E0 dependent on Friction Coefficient Title Foot Force and resulting Operating Force on the Pedal Booster Diagram Vacuum Brake Booster Hyfraulic Brake Booster Comparision Master Cylinder Designs Comparision Master Cylinder Designs Double-Circuit Air Brake System Pressure Regulator Air Dessicator Four-Circuit Protection Valve Service-Brake Valve Combination Brake Cylinder Combined Compressed Air-Hydraulic Brake System Electric Disk Brake Classification of Continuous Service Brakes Pi - V Diagram for Exhaust Brake Pi - V Diagram for Engine Brake by variation of Valve Timing Hydro-Dynamic Retarder Eddy Current Brake Characteristics of Continouos Service Brakes Torsional Vibration Model of a Drivetrain Sources of Vibrations Transmission Behavious of Universal Joints Spring-Damper Elements in a Clutch Plate Dual-Mass Flywheel Dual-Mass Flywheel Model of a CLutch Slip Control Speed and Slip Characteristic in a Clutch Slip Control Vibration Eliminator Title Trasnmission Efficiencies for different Input Torques Driving Torques dependent on Engine Speed traction Force Diagram Driving Power Diagram traction Force Diagram, Excess Traction Force and Climbing Ability Trction Force Diagram, Excess traction Force and Accelerating Ability Influence of Mass Factor on the Power-defined Accelerating Ability Driving Power Diagram, Excess Power and Accelerating Ability Transmission Layouts Transmission Layouts Layout of 5th Gear as E-Gear Effect of a Speed Limiter (Diesel Engine) Trasnmission Layout in trucks Driving Force and Traction Power Diagram Influence of the Mass Factor on the Optimum Shifting Points when Accelerating Stable Driving Conditions in Downward Gradients Title Fuel Consumption Schematic Engine Map ECE-City Driving Cycle for Manual Transmission Vehicles Comparison 1/3-Mix Xonsumption with Test Values NEDC- Driving Cycle Consumption Targets determined by the US Energy Act Test Cycle FTP-75, City-Cycle Test Cycle FTP-75, Highway-Cycle Determination of Fleet Consumption of a Manufacturer Influencing parameters in the Reduction of Fuel Consumption Engine Map with Deman Curves track Fuel Consumption (Constant velocity) Influences on the Specific Energy Demand Methods of Fuel Consumption Reduction Aerodynamic Measures on a Semitrailer truck Influence of Aerodynamic Measures on the Fuel Consumption Influence of change in Engine Speed on Fuel Consumption Influence of Aggregates on Fuel Consumption Drivetrain Layouts Engine Layouts in Passenger Cars and Commercial Vehicles with RWD Engine Positions in Passenger Cars and Light Vans with FWD Engine Positions in Passenger Cars and Commercial Vehicles with AWD All Wheel Drive Concepts Manually Overdriven AWD Friction Clutch Trasnfer Case (Mercedes - Benz 4 - Matic) Electronic Shift-on-Fly All-Wheel Drive (Daimler-Benz 4-Matic) Permanent All-Wheel Drive (Audi V8) Permanent All-Wheel Drive (Porsche Carrera 4) Summary of AWD Configurations Title Forces acting on a Wheel Vehicle / Wheel Speed Coefficient of Friction-Slip Curve Coefficient of Friction for different Road Conditions Coefficient of Friction at different Vehicle Speeds Forces on a Vehicle Accelerated in a Gradient Vertical Forces acting on a Vehicle Horizontal Forces acting on a Vehicle Friction Coefficients for FWD and RWD Friction Coefficient for AWD Friction limited Acceleration and Climbing Ability Friction limited Acceleration and Climbing Ability in AWD systems Traction Coefficients of various Drive Concepts Traction Coefficients of Double-Axle Trucks Permissible Axle Loads Permissible dimensions for Motor Vehicles and Trailer Trucks Total Weight and Minimum Engine Output (StVZO) Calculation of Traction Coefficient Title Forces acting on a Wheel Vehicle / Wheel Speed Coefficient of Friction-Slip Curve Coefficient of Friction for different Road Conditions Coefficient of Friction at different Vehicle Speeds Forces on a Vehicle Accelerated in a Gradient Vertical Forces acting on a Vehicle Horizontal Forces acting on a Vehicle Friction Coefficients for FWD and RWD Friction Coefficient for AWD Friction limited Acceleration and Climbing Ability Friction limited Acceleration and Climbing Ability in AWD systems Traction Coefficients of various Drive Concepts Traction Coefficients of Double-Axle Trucks Permissible Axle Loads Permissible dimensions for Motor Vehicles and Trailer Trucks Total Weight and Minimum Engine Output (StVZO) Calculation of Traction Coefficient

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